Political Military Competition and Size and Composition of Government

This paper uses a formal model to analyze the effects of political military competition among states on the size and composition of state. Great economies of scale in warfare, even distribution of military capability among contestants and greater value of contested resources generate higher level of military capacity and growth of government. If there is decreasing return to scale in state revenue generating function and provision of public intermediate inputs, then there will be an increasing size of civilian public sector relative to that of military. The paper finally studies how waves of military revolutions affected international political military competition and the size and composition of government in history.     

Social benefits of government investment in enterprises

A critical issue for many governments is boosting the adoption rates of products or technologies that enhance consumer surplus or total social welfare. Governments may, for example, pay subsidies to producers or to consumers to stimulate the manufacture or consumption of specific products, for example, energy-efficient appliances or more effective drugs. This research proposes a strategic government investment policy, namely, share acquisition, and demonstrates its effectiveness in reaching societal objectives. We consider a Cournot quantities-choice market comprised of homogeneous firms where the government intervenes to buy shares, and turning private firms into state-owned enterprises. We recognize that purchasing a single private firm is the optimal policy for the government to reach its societal objectives. Additionally, taking into consideration financial constraints, we find that the optimal stake increases with the budget. Compared with the optimal output-based subsidy policy, when the budget is low, the optimal government investment policy induces a higher consumer surplus. In addition, in differentiated Cournot competition, under which firms compete in selling substitutable products, we find that when the budget is sufficient, the optimal stake purchased first decreases and then increases according to the substitutability level among products.     

日本学前教育特点及其启示

日本是世界上比较重视学前教育的国家之一,把学前教育放在国家战略的高度予以发展。其学前教育的特点主要表现在学前教育立法、学前教育机构设置、学前教育经费投入、学前教育目标及课程设置、幼儿教师素质及师幼比等方面。当前在我国大力发展学前教育背景下,有必要借鉴日本学前教育发展经验,以促进我国学前教育事业健康、持续发展。     

政府适度负债规模的研究——从欧洲主权债务危机到中国地方政府负债风险谈起

在现代经济环境下政府倘若仅依靠自身财力,既无外债又无内债的发展经济已显不足;但凡经济发展较快的国家无不举债,依靠举债借助外力不仅能促进且能加快经济发展。然而近年西欧爆发主权债务危机,我国中央地方两级负债暗藏隐性风险,地方政府融资平台风险甚是暴露,也从另一个角度警示政府负债是一把双刃剑。而根据自身实力与未来发展预期适度负债才是最佳选择,负债不足与过度负债都是不可取的。本文通过对政府适度负债标准的研究,为各级政府提出一个适度负债标准或控制临界点,同时也为各级政府根据此标准对自身负债水平提出相应的预警及对策,从而保持经济的稳定发展。     

论和谐社会视野下的青少年责任意识的培养

“构建社会主义和谐社会”是党现阶段的发展目标。广大青少年作为社会主义和谐社会事业的接班人,其责任意识状况如何,势必影响和谐社会的发展。责任是人社会性的本质规定,责任意识是现代文明社会公民的基本素质,是人的自我意识最深在的层次。根据和谐社会发展需要培养青少年的责任意识,是党和国家各项事业后继有人的重要保证。     

Business and peace in the Niger Delta: what we know and what we need to know

The global restructuring of state–society relationships driven by neoliberal logic has not only allowed for the taming of the ‘state’, which has paradoxically accentuated its inadequacies, but has also facilitated, for better or for worse, the emergence of business – especially transnational corporations – as a major political force in global governance. Consequently, while the issues of peace and conflict have traditionally been the concern of governments, businesses are now increasingly being expected to make peace and conflict their concern. However, despite claims and counterclaims that businesses can be moneymakers and peacemakers, analyses of the relationship between business and peace remain largely embryonic. This paper seeks to contribute to this emerging business and peace debate by drawing on insights from the Niger Delta conflict to ascertain what we know and what we need to know if businesses are to become peacemakers in conflict zones in Africa.     

北京沧达农工商公司草垛火灾引发的深思

火灾预防和火灾扑救不仅仅是消防部门自身的职责，必须依靠社会综合力量，政府是处置各类突发事件的强势者。从北京沧达农工商公司草垛火灾谈起，对政府职责、单位消防安全责任、社会应急机制等存在的问题做了进一步阐述。     

军事征用法律责任探析

军事征用作为国防动员的一项重要内容,在当前各国的军事斗争准备中发挥着越来越重要的作用。从军事征用的概念入手,针对我国军事征用立法缺失法律责任规定的现状,分析了军事征用法律责任的概念、构成要件和分类。     

当代大学生责任意识现状及其培育路径研究——基于北方民族大学的调查分析

责任意识不仅是内化的思想,也是外化的行为。其丰富内涵包括个人责任意识、家庭责任意识、社会责任意识和国家责任意识四个方面。在中国特色社会主义新时代,青年大学生生逢其时,又肩担重任。其责任意识强弱对于促进大学生成人成才、构建和谐文明家庭、达成社会主义教育目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴意义重大。根据对北方民族大学学生责任意识现状的实证调查,我们发现当前大学生责任意识状况总体上符合时代要求,但由于教育主体在大学生责任意识培育过程中不同程度、不同方面上的缺失和弱化,从而使得部分大学生责任意识状况令人忧心。因而,从系统论的角度出发,把大学生责任意识培育看作是一个长期的系统工程,从个人、家庭、学校和社会四个维度思考大学生责任意识培育的优化路径,就显得尤为必要。     

日本政府出入境管理政策新动态

近年来,日本国内的犯罪现象急剧增加,其中滞留在日本的外国人犯罪现象增加是主要原因之一。对此日本政府采取紧急措施,即在入境管理上加强防范,通过确立新的出入境管理体制,整备出入境环境,确立外国人居留信息系统,加强揭发非法居留者和快速顺利地强制出境等手段,以求用五年时间改变社会治安危机的现状。